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Multiagent Organizations
Jaime Sichman, University of São Paulo, Brazil
In the last years, social and organizational aspects of agency have become a major issue in MAS research. Recent applications of MAS on Web Services, Grid Computing and Ubiquitous Computing enforce the need of using these aspects in order to ensure some social order within these systems. One of the ways to assure such a social order is through the so-called multiagent organizations. Multiagent organizations are of two types: either the organization emerge from the activity of the individual agents or it is designed to facilitate and guide some specific global behavior. In the latter case, systems are characterized by the autonomy of the individual participants that however must be able to collaboratively achieve predetermined global goals, within a globally constrained environment. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive view of the diverse concepts, models and approaches related to multiagent organizations. Moreover, most designers have doubts about how to put these concepts in practice, i.e., how to program them. This talk aims to give an answer to such questions.
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Computational Social Choice
Jérôme Lang, Université Paris-Dauphine, France
Computational social choice is an interdisciplinary field of study at the interface of social choice theory and computer science, promoting an exchange of ideas in both directions. On the one hand, it is concerned with the application of techniques developed in computer science, such as complexity analysis, algorithm design, or communication protocols, to the study of social choice mechanisms, such as voting procedures or fair division algorithms. On the other hand, computational social choice is concerned with importing concepts from social choice theory into computing. For instance, social welfare orderings originally developed to analyse the quality of resource allocations in human society are equally well applicable to problems in multiagent systems or network design. Computational social choice brings together ideas from computer science, artificial intelligence, logic, political science and economic theory, amongst others. Below we briefly introduce some representative problems that have been studied in the field.
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